[2], In his 2015 syndicated article "Think Of The Children", Michael Reagan criticized the phrase's use by politicians. had become common in a climate of moral panic. [55], The term parental alienation is derived from parental alienation syndrome, a term introduced by Richard Gardner in 1985 to describe a suite of behaviors that he had observed in children exposed to family separation or divorce whereby children rejected or showed what he interpreted as unwarranted feelings towards one of their parents. [6], In their 2002 book, Art, Argument, and Advocacy: Mastering Parliamentary Debate, John Meany and Kate Shuster called the use of the phrase "Think of the children" in debate a type of logical fallacy and an appeal to emotion.
[5] The 2008 book Child Labour in a Globalized World used the phrase to call attention to the role of debt bondage in child labor. The psychological community has not accepted parental alienation as a diagnosable mental condition. Parental Alienation: Controversy and Critiques, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, "Denial of ambivalence as a hallmark of parental alienation", "Parental Alienation as a Form of Emotional Child Abuse: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions for Research", "Review of research and case law on parental alienation", "Parental Alienation, DSM-V, and ICD-11: Response to Critics", "Toward a Child-Centered Approach to Evaluating Claims of Alienation in High-Conflict Custody Disputes", "An Objective Measure of Splitting in Parental Alienation: The Parental Acceptance – Rejection Questionnaire", "Labelling & Intervening in Parental Alienation Cases: A Review of Canadian Court Decisions 2010-2012", "Talking Badly About Your Co-Parent Backfires:Young Adults & Siblings Feel Less Close to Parents Who Denigrate the Other Parent", "A Helpful Way to Conceptualize and Understand Reenactments", "Gardner, R. A. [68] Behaviors that result in parental alienation may reflect other mental health disorders, both on the part of the alienating parent and the rejected parent that, if proved, remain relevant to a custody determination.
[69], In late 2005, a Canadian activist named Sarvy Emo proposed that March 28 be designated Parental Alienation Awareness Day. The child demonstrates the independent-thinker phenomenon, asserting that the child's opinions about the rejected parent are the child's own opinions and not the result of the influence of the favored parent; The child expresses reflexive support for the preferred parent; The child does not display guilt over the treatment of the alienated parent; According to him, at that time adults began to view childhood as a sacred period of development and children as invaluable, adorable, guiltless beings. [27], The Journal for Cultural Research published an article in 2010 by Debra Ferreday,[28] which was republished in the 2011 book Hope and Feminist Theory.
About the Author. 39, 73. [42] Cole contrasted this notion with character Bart Simpson, who prefers creating disorder to conformity and adherence to regulations. [23] Legal professionals recognize that alienating behaviors are common in child custody cases, but are cautious about accepting the concept of parental alienation. [1][2][3] Literally, it refers to children's rights (as in discussions of child labor). The Favored Child (1989) by Philippa Gregory.
The Wideacre estate is bankrupt, the villagers are living in poverty and Wideacre Hall is a smoke-blackened ruin. For example, if a child claims to have independently formulated opinions of a rejected parent, the child's claim can be used as evidence of the independent-thinker phenomenon such that there is nothing that the child could say that could not be interpreted by a therapist as proof of parental alienation. [2][9] They assert that parental alienation creates stress on the alienated parent and child,[10][11] and significantly increases the child's lifetime risk of mental illness. Only one can inherit the magical understanding between the land and the Lacey family that can make the Sussex village grow green again. Sensual, gripping, sometimes mystical, The Favored Child sweeps the reader irresistibly into the eighteenth century, a revolutionary period in English history. Only one can be Beatrice Lacey's true heir. Another theory of motivation posits that alienation is a form of harmful parenting by a parent who suffers from a personality disorder, specifically borderline personality disorder or narcissistic personality disorder. However the courts have recognized parental alienation as being harmful to the child. [17] They also express concern that a parent who has caused a child to become alienated, for example through acts of domestic violence or child abuse, may assert parental alienation to convince a court that the child's justified response to the abuse is the result of the other parent's misconduct and to potentially gain custody of the child. [17], Although a number of theories have been proposed, there is no generally accepted theory of parental alienation, either as to its cause or to the motivation of the allegedly alienating parent. [78] The Institute on Violence, Abuse, and Trauma (IVAT) devoted a three-hour session at its September, 2019 meeting to arguments opposing the use of parental alienation concepts and related claims. [30][56], The idea that children may be turned against one of their parents, or may reject a parent unjustifiably during family breakdown, has been recognised for centuries. [10] In an opening scene, the character of Mrs. Banks pleads with her nanny not to quit by begging her to "think of the children!". A judge who finds that parental alienation has occurred may issue a warning, may modify the custody arrangement in favor of the alienated parent, may order counseling, or may place the alienated child in an interim residence. [50], No federal or state laws regulating parental alienation currently exist in the United States. [9], In a 2011 article for the journal Post Script, Andrew Scahill wrote about the power of children in rhetoric to create an untenable stance for an opposing viewpoint. The claim that any individual behavior or cluster of behaviors demonstrates that the preferred parent has caused the child's avoidance is not based on empirical work and as an inference is the result of a problem of critical thinking called affirming the consequent. Reports of parental alienation were found to correlate with reports of psychological maltreatment. ", "American Psychiatric Association Board of Trustees Approves DSM-5-Diagnostic manual passes major milestone before May 2013 publication", "Child Affected by Parental Relationship Distress", "Psychopathology and the conceptualization of mental disorder: The debate around the inclusion of parental alienation in DSM-5", "Brief Report on Parental Alienation Survey", "National Coalition Against Parental Alienation", "Family Court Crisis: Our Children at Risk Film", "APSAC Announces Revisions to its Definitions of Psychological Mistreatment and Adds a Cautionary Statement Regarding Use to Support Parental Alienation Claims", "24th International Summit on Violence, Abuse & Trauma Across the Lifespan", Parents Against Child Sexual Exploitation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parental_alienation&oldid=985784151, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles needing cleanup from November 2019, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from November 2019, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from November 2019, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. By Philippa Gregory, the author of The Other Boleyn Girl and The Virgin's Lover. Once an allegation of parental alienation is interpreted as abuse by a parent, that interpretation provides a strong argument against custody of or even contact with that parent. [52][53] Some United States courts have tried to address the issue through mandated reunification therapy. [42] Cole wrote that throughout history, the child has represented humanity's savage past and its optimistic future.
[39] In order to avoid regulations and oversight that apply to psychological and medical treatment, these programs are often billed as educational or psycho-educational. Some researchers thus use "preferred" rather than "alienating" parent and "non-preferred" rather than "alienated", "rejected", or "targeted" parent. [38] These programs tend also to be very expensive. By Philippa Gregory, the author of The Other Boleyn Girl and The Virgin's Lover. [1] They provide an example: "I know this national missile defense plan has its detractors, but won't someone please think of the children? [4][5][6] In debate, however, it is a plea for pity that is used as an appeal to emotion, and therefore it becomes a logical fallacy. [2] He concluded that the phrase can transform the observance of regulations into an ethical quandary, cautioning society to avoid using "Think of the children!" [30] Wilkinson cited research by No Fear: Growing Up in a Risk-Averse Society author Tim Gill that hypersensitivity in defending children from potential harm has the adverse effect of contributing to the inability of youth to own their choices and react to dangerous situations. This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and (if not signed in) for advertising. [57][30] One psychologist disputes the characterization of PAS as a new syndrome, proposing instead that the phenomenon is best viewed as a combination of psychological problems, with the issue being how to develop effective treatment. [6], Proponents of parental alienation assert that it is primarily motivated by one parent's desire to exclude the other parent from their child's life. [16] They assert that the research performed to date does not support the theory that parental alienation results in the harm described by proponents. This page was last edited on 27 October 2020, at 22:54. [2] Marshall wrote that although the phrase's use may have a positive intention, it evokes irrationality when repeatedly used by both sides of a debate. [15], After the popularization of the phrase on The Simpsons, its use in society was often ridiculed. [13] The appeal's subsequent use in society was often the subject of mockery. [59] This theory involved looking for a set of psychological symptoms in a child and proposing PAS as a basis for concluding that those symptoms were caused by harmful parenting practices.
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